Objective To identify lactylation-related molecular subtypes， construct a prognostic model， and predict immunotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer （OC）. Methods The prognostic significance of lactylation-related genes （LRGs） was analyzed using data from TCGA-OV， GSE63885， and GSE26193 datasets. Unsupervised clustering identified four distinct lactylation-related clusters （LRGClusters）. Differential expression and Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed for these clusters. Using univariate Cox regression analysis （P < 0.0001）， five prognostic-related genes （PRGs） were identified. The expression levels of these PRGs in normal ovarian tissues， as well as early and advanced-stage ovarian cancer tissues were validated via RT-qPCR. Based on the five PRGs， a second round of unsupervised clustering was conducted to identify two gene clusters （geneClusters）， and a prognostic scoring system， termed LactyScore， was developed. Immune cell infiltration， immunotherapy response， and drug sensitivity analyses were then performed based on LactyScore stratification. Results Four LRGClusters and two geneClusters were identified. Five differentially expressed genes including COL16A1， SPEN， AHDC1， LUZP1， and SDF2L1 were significantly associated with prognosis of OC patients. RT-qPCR indicated that SPEN， COL16A1， AHDC1， and LUZP1 were the potential risk factors for poor prognosis， whereas SDF2L1 might serve as a protective factor. Based on these PRGs， the LactyScore prognostic scoring system was established. Survival analysis revealed that patients in the high LactyScore group exhibited significantly better overall survival compared to those in the low LactyScore group. Moreover， patients with a high LactyScore showed increased immune evasion potential and lower response rates to immunotherapy. Conclusions Five prognostic genes including COL16A1， SPEN， AHDC1， LUZP1， and SDF2L1 are associated with OC and these genes demonstrate their potential as biomarkers for OC. Furthermore， the development of the robust LactyScore system offers an accurate tool for predicting OC prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness， providing insights for personalized therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the expression profile of Rictor/mTORC2 in Kras mutant tumor cells and its effect on cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Methods The frequency of Kras and Rictor gene variations was investigated by using pan-cancer data from public databases. The co-expression relationship between Kras and Rictor gene variations and their respective gene expressions was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple cancer cell models with Kras mutation were used to down-regulate the expression of Rictor gene through antisense RNA sequence， and the effects of Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway on the proliferation and tumorigenicity of Kras mutant tumor cells were investigated through CCK8 and clonal formation assays， respectively. Results The variation frequencies of Kras and Rictor genes exceeded 90% and 30%， respectively， most commonly occurring in pancreatic cancer， lung cancer， colon cancer and breast cancer. Rictor gene detection results in a series of cell lines carrying Kras gene mutation and wild-type Kras gene were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that Kras and Rictor gene variations were positively correlated （both P < 0.05）， and mRNA expression levels showed a common trend. Down-regulating Rictor gene expression could significantly inhibit the proliferation and tumorigenic ability of Kras mutant cancer cells （both P < 0.05）. Conclusion The Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway is obviously activated in Kras mutant cancer cells， and can promote the proliferation and tumorigenicity of Kras mutant cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of nutritional deficits during the immediate postoperative period following radical resection surgery for oral cancer and to analyze its impact on the short-term recovery of surgical patients. Methods Nutritional support data of 87 oral cancer patients early after radical resection surgery （1 to 10 d after surgery） in Guangzhou First People’s Hospital between January 2018 and March 2024 were collected. Patients were divided into the nutritional adequacy and nutritional inadequacy groups according to the average daily nutritional intake. Relevant factors were statistically compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors of nutritional deficits. The length of stay and incidence of postoperative complications， such as partial or total flap loss and surgical site infection， were also compared between two groups. Results Only 23.0% （20/87） of oral cancer patients achieved nutritional adequacy during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that nutritional inadequacy was associated with ideal body weight （OR=5.308， 95%CI： 1.103-25.551， P = 0.037） and the actual nutritional intake （OR=0.897， 95%CI： 0.809-0.994， P = 0.038）. The length of stay in the nutritional adequacy group was significantly shorter compared to that in the nutritional inadequacy group （21 d vs. 24 d， P = 0.030）. The difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups was not statistically significant（15.0% vs. 35.8%，P =0.077）. Conclusions Inadequate nutritional intake is common in oral cancer patients early after radical resection surgery. Patients with higher ideal body weight and less actual nutritional intake are prone to nutritional deficits. Adequate nutrition contributes to promoting recovery and significantly shortening the length of hospital stay. Medical staff should consider individual energy needs when planning nutritional care， and effectively improve the actual nutritional intake of patients.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of inhalant allergen spectrum in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Baotou， China. Methods The detection results of serum sIgE in 1 400 AR patients admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology， the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The positive rates of 18 categories of allergens were compared in patients according to gender and age from 2018 to 2022. The distribution of single sensitization， multiple sensitization， and sensitization levels induced by 18 categories of allergens was also analyzed. Results The top 3 positive allergens were Artemisia 55.3% （774/1 400）， cat epithelium 21.9% （307/1 400）， and Chenopodium/Amaranthus retroflexus 18.0% （252/1 400）. The positive rates of Dermatophagoides farinae， dog epithelium， Blattodea， and Humulus did not significantly change from 2018 to 2022 （all P > 0.05）， whereas those of the remaining 14 allergens changed significantly （all P < 0.05）. Except for Humulus and Chenopodium/Amaranthus retroflexus， there were no significant differences in the positive rates of the remaining 16 categories of allergens between males and females （all P > 0.05）. Except for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus， Dermatophagoides farinae， Blomia tropicalis， dog epithelium， silk， Ambrosia， Humulus， Poa pratensis/Lolium/Phleum， there were significant differences in the positive rates of the remaining 10 categories of allergens among different age groups （all P < 0.05）. In the middle-aged and elderly group， molds and Dermatophagoides were the main allergens secondary to Artemisia. The single sensitization rate of 18 categories of allergens was 32.8% and the multiple sensitization rate was 67.2%. The sIgE levels of Artemisia and cat epithelium at levels 5 and 6 were higher compared to those of other categories of allergens. Conclusions Artemisia is the main category of inhalant allergen in Baotou. The sIgE level is gradually increased over age， manifested with the pattern of multi-pollen sensitization.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-205-5p promoter methylation on endometrial stromal cell （ESC） function in patients with endometriosis （EMS）. Methods Endometrial tissue samples were collected from patients pathologically diagnosed with EMS undergoing surgery in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from October 2022 to December 2023. According to intraoperative and pathological results， all samples were divided into the control group （n = 9， without EMS lesions） and EMS group （n = 9， with EMS lesions）. Primary ESCs were extracted and isolated. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction （MSP） was used to detect the methylation level of miR-205-5p promoter. RTPCR was used to evaluate the effect of demethylation on the expression level of miR-205-5p. The regulatory effect of demethylation on ESC function was detected by scratch wound healing， cell proliferation， cell apoptosis and Transwell assays， respectively. EMS mouse models were established by subcutaneous seeding of human endometrial debris. All mouse models were divided into the demethylation and control groups. Demethylating agents and normal saline were injected into abdominal cavity in these two groups， respectively. The lesion size and the expression level of miR-205-5p were observed in two groups. Results Normal ESC prompter was unmethylated. In the EMS samples， the miR-205-5p promoter was methylated or hypomethylated. After demethylation， the expression level of miR-205-5p in the ESC samples was significantly upregulated， the capability of cell migration， proliferation and invasion was significantly weakened， while the ability of cell apoptosis was significantly enhanced （all P < 0.05）. Compared with the control group， the lesion size was decreased and the positive rate of miR-205-5p expression was increased in the demethylation group （both P < 0.05）. Conclusion MiR-205-5p promoter methylation is related to the regulation of ESC function in patients with EMS， which is probably involved with the incidence and progression of EMS.

Objective To analyze the correlation between recurrent episodes of benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis （BICE） and enterovirus and cytokines， and establish a nomogram prediction model， providing reference for early identification of children with high-risk recurrent episodes of BICE. Methods Eighty-five cases diagnosed with BICE in Department of Neurology， Women and Children’s Hospital of Ningbo University from December 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the seizure frequency， they were divided into the observation group （≥2 times） and control group （1 time）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between recurrent episodes of BICE and enterovirus and cytokines. A prediction model was constructed and a nomogram was drawn. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， calibration curve and decision curve analysis were employed to analyze， evaluate and verify the prediction model. Results Among the 85 children， 60 cases were included in the observation group and 25 were included in the control group. In the observation group， the positive rate of norovirus， IL-6 and IL-10 levels were higher than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that norovirus， IL-6 and IL-10 levels were the independent risk factors for recurrent episodes of BICE （all P < 0.05）. A nomogram model was constructed based on these three risk factors. The ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the prediction model. The area under the ROC curve （AUC） was 0.869 （75% for the sensitivity， 84% for the specificity）. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the prediction model yielded high prediction efficiency. Conclusions Norovirus， IL-6 and IL-10 levels are associated with recurrent episodes of BICE. The nomogram model based on these three factors yields high prediction accuracy and high clinical application value and promptly assesses the risk of recurrent episodes of BICE in children， thereby formulating early interventions.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of radiation-induced skin injury induced by hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost in patients with early breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Methods Medical records of 182 patients with early breast cancer who were treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost after breast-conserving surgery in Tangshan People’s Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of radiation dermatitis， they were divided into the control group （0 degree， n = 60）， mild group （1-2 degree， n = 62）， and severe group （≥ 3 degree， n = 60）. Clinical data of patients among three groups were compared. The influencing factors of radiation-induced skin injury were identified by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in age， menstrual status， tumor marker levels， pathological grading， capecitabine use， CD3⁺ T and CD8⁺ T cell apoptosis rates among three groups （all P > 0.05）. The proportion of patients with body mass index （BMI） ≥28 kg/m²， T2 stage， triple-negative breast cancer and CD4⁺ T cell apoptosis rate in the mild and severe groups were higher than those in the control group， and the data in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI≥28 kg/m² [OR （95%CI） = 2.413 （1.206-4.829）]， tumor stage T2 [OR （95%CI） = 3.830（1.768-8.296）]， triple-negative breast cancer [OR （95%CI） = 2.399（1.188-4.844）] and CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis rate [OR （95%CI） = 1.526（1.218-1.912）] were the risk factors for radiation-induced skin injury （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion BMI， T stage， CD4⁺ T cell apoptosis rate and triple-negative breast cancer are the main risk factors of radiation-induced skin injury in patients with early breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost after breast-conserving surgery， which can affect the degree of radiation-induced skin injury.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of floating acupuncture combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA） in alleviating postoperative pain in elderly patients with lower limb fracture. Methods In this prospective random controlled study， two hundred and ten elderly patients diagnosed with lower extremity fracture admitted to Guangzhou Zengcheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2022 to May 2024 were enrolled and were stratified into the control （n = 105） and observation groups （n = 105） based on their treatment interventions. In the control group， postoperative PCIA was adopted， and in the observation group， floating acupuncture in addition to PCIA were given. Numerical rating scale （NRS）， Ramsay sedation scale （RSS）， Bruggrmann comfort scale （BCS）， the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）， 20-item Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale （PASS-20）， 15-item Quality of Recovery-15 （QoR-15） scale， the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score （HSS） and serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results At 6 h post-surgery， the NRS score in the observation group was significantly lower compared to that in the control group （（1.97±1.16） vs. （2.33±1.40）， P < 0.05）. Postoperatively， patients in the observation group demonstrated higher QOR-15 and HSS scores than those in the control group （（110.16±14.90） vs. （115.67±13.51），（73.96±8.52） vs. （70.97±8.22）； both P < 0.05）. At 12 h post-surgery， serum TNF-α level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （（19.10±12.46） pg/mL vs. （24.87±17.30） pg/mL， P < 0.05）. At postoperative 12 h， the incidence of nausea in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （2.4% vs. 4.8%， P < 0.05）. Conclusion The combination of floating acupuncture with PCIA exhibits superior performance in managing postoperative pain compared to PCIA alone in elderly patients with lower limb fracture， which can elevate the quality of life and promote patient recovery.

Objective To assess the diagnostic performance and inter-observer agreement of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System ultrasound （O-RADS） combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS）. Methods Clinicopathological data of 123 adnexal lesions from 123 patients admitted to the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2021 to December 2023 were collected. Each lesion was subject to CEUS before surgery. Each lesion was assigned to an O-RADS US category with histopathological results as the gold standard. The CEUS features of each lesion were recorded and used to calculate the total CEUS scores. Lesions were then re-rated according to O-RADS plus CEUS scores. Kappa （κ） statistics were applied to assess inter-observer agreement between a less experienced and an expert radiologist. Results Of the 123 adnexal lesions， 94 were benign and 29 were malignant. The malignancy rates of O-RADS 5， O-RADS 4 and O-RADS 3 lesions were 81.25%， 20.83% and 2.86%， respectively. The malignancy rates of O-RADS+CEUS 5， O-RADS+CEUS 4， O-RADS+CEUS 3 and O-RADS+CEUS 2 lesions were 75%， 21.74%， 0% and 0%， respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC） of two observers were 0.791 （95% CI 0.891-0.976） and 0.934 （95% CI 0.697-0.886）， respectively. The diagnostic performance of O-RADS plus CEUS was higher than that of O-RADS alone （P = 0.0004）. Taking ≥ O-RADS 4 as the cut-off value for malignant lesions， the sensitivity and specificity of O-RADS and O-RADS+CEUS were 0.966 （95% CI， 0.822-0.999） and 0.362 （95% CI 0.265-0.467）， 1.000 （95% CI 0.881-1.000） and 0.723 （95% CI 0.622-0.811）， respectively. The inter-observer agreement between a less experienced and an expert radiologist of O-RADS and CEUS features were good or very good （κ 0.668-0.840）. Conclusions Compared with O-RADS， O-RADS plus CEUS shows better diagnostic specificity for malignant adnexal lesions. The inter-observer agreement between a less experienced and an expert radiologist of O-RADS and CEUS features is good.

Currently， tumor and radiotherapy can result in physiological and functional damage to the salivary glands， significantly impacting the physiological and psychological well-being of patients. The repair of salivary gland injuries remains a challenging aspect of clinical treatment. Tissue regeneration engineering through cytokine-mediated stem cell directed differentiation offers a novel therapeutic approach for addressing salivary gland injuries. Embryonic stem cells （ESC） and induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSC）， with their potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal， play a crucial role in regenerating and repairing salivary gland tissue. Building upon studies on classical tridermal differentiation of ESC/iPSC mediated by cytokines， this paper provides an extensive review on the research progress and future prospects of utilizing cytokine-mediated stem cell differentiation for salivary gland regeneration.

Adolescent depressive disorders are not only associated with the problematic use of mobile phones by adolescents themselves but also with the frequent use of mobile phones by their parents. The latter may indirectly increase the risk of depression in adolescents by affecting the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and their self-esteem levels. This article focuses on exploring the ways in which adolescents use mobile phones and the impact of high-frequency mobile phone use by adolescent parents on adolescent depressive disorders. It also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and suggests a comprehensive prevention of adolescent depressive disorders due to problematic mobile phone use through technological interventions， as well as at the levels of schools， communities， and society. The aim is to provide new ideas for early detection and improving treatment outcomes.

Orthodontic tooth movement is a series of highly ordered dentin-periodontal membrane-alveolar bone remodeling processes mediated by orthodontic forces. The adaptive responses of the periodontal cellular microenvironment （including extracellular matrix， cell membrane， cytoskeleton， cellular nuclear proteins， and genome） involve the local synthesis and release of various key cytokines. In this study， we reviewed the recent relevant literature in recent years， and organized cytokines with potential clinical applications from various types of cells involved in the orthodontic process， focusing on the roles of various factors in the mechanical force of orthodontic tooth movement-cell signaling process， with the aim of assisting researchers to carry out preclinical studies.