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  新医学  2017, Vol. 48 Issue (1): 60-62  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9802.2017.01.014
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引用本文 [复制中英文]

刘婧, 巩会平, 盛林, 王永梅, 鹿庆华. 曲妥珠单抗单药治疗乳腺癌致左心室功能不全一例[J]. 新医学, 2017, 48(1): 60-62.
Liu Jing, Gong Huiping, Sheng Lin, Wang Yongmei, Lu Qinghua. Left ventricular dysfunction induced by trastuzumab treatment of breast cancer: a case report[J]. Journal of New Medicine, 2017, 48(1): 60-62.

基金项目

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2013HQ065)

文章历史

收稿日期:2016-09-06
曲妥珠单抗单药治疗乳腺癌致左心室功能不全一例
刘婧, 巩会平, 盛林, 王永梅, 鹿庆华     
250033 济南,山东大学第二医院
摘要: 曲妥珠单抗是针对Her2阳性乳腺癌的分子靶向药物,该文报道1例在单用曲妥珠单抗(每3周1次)方案治疗后出现左心室功能不全的右乳腺癌患者。该患者应用曲妥珠单抗第2次后逐渐出现憋气,平卧位明显,伴咳嗽、腹胀、双下肢水肿,心内科住院经心脏彩超、正电子发射断层显像/X线计算机体层成像检查,诊断为左心室功能不全。患者应用曲妥珠单抗治疗前LVEF为0.66,应用曲妥珠单抗后LVEF最低至0.29,且既往无高血压、糖尿病、冠心病史,故考虑其左心室功能不全可能与使用曲妥珠单抗有关,停药后对症处理40 d左心室功能恢复正常。该例提示应规范用药,按说明书严密监测不良反应,避免不良后果。
关键词: 曲妥珠单抗    乳腺癌    左心室功能不全    
Left ventricular dysfunction induced by trastuzumab treatment of breast cancer: a case report
Liu Jing, Gong Huiping, Sheng Lin, Wang Yongmei, Lu Qinghua     
Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250033, China
Corresponding author: 鹿庆华,E-mail:lqhzhy@163.comLu Qinghua,E-mail:lqhzhy@163.com
Abstract: Trastuzumab is a molecular targeted drug for Her2-positive breast cancer patients. In this paper, we reported one case of right breast cancer presenting with left ventricular dysfunction after single use of trastuzumab once every 3 weeks. After the second time of use of trastuzumab, she gradually developed breathlessness which aggravated in a supine position, accompanied with cough, abdominal distension and bilateral lower extremity edema. During hospitalization in the Department of Cardiology, she was diagnosed with left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiography and PET/CT. Before the treatment of trastuzumab, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the patient was 0.66 which decreased to 0.29 after usage of trastuzumab. She reported no medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Hence, the incidence of left ventricular dysfunction was probably correlated with the use of trastuzumab. Left ventricular dysfunction was recovered after trastuzumab withdrawal and 40-day symptomatic treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of this case hinted that standard use of medication should be implemented. Adverse events should be intimately monitored according to the manufacturers'instructions to avert the incidence of severe consequences.
Key words: Trastuzumab    Breast cancer    Left ventricular dysfunction    

药物所致心功能不全称为药源性心功能不全[1]。曲妥珠单抗的作用机制为抑制Her2过度表达的肿瘤细胞的增殖,从而抑制乳腺癌[2-6]。我们收治1例右乳腺癌患者,在单用曲妥珠单抗治疗后出现左心室功能不全,现报道如下。

病例资料 一. 病史及体格检查

患者女,43岁。因憋气伴咳嗽、腹胀、双下肢水肿于2016年7月6日收入我科。无冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)、糖尿病、高血压病病史。发现右侧乳腺浸润性癌(免疫组织化学为Her2阳性,评分3+)半年,多西他赛+表柔比星+环磷酰胺(TEC)方案辅助化学治疗后3个月行右侧乳房切除+腋窝淋巴结清除术。术后继续化学治疗,过程顺利,无特殊不适。患者为行靶向治疗,2个月前再次于该肿瘤医院住院治疗,入院当天检查LVEF为0.66,开始给予曲妥珠单抗 ) /瓶],首次剂量8 mg/kg,随后6 mg/kg(每3周1次),第2次靶向治疗后逐渐出现憋气,平卧位明显,伴咳嗽、腹胀、双下肢水肿,无胸痛及肢体放射痛,无发热,上述症状逐渐加重,于该肿瘤医院行正电子发射断层显像/X 线计算机体层成像(PET/CT)检查示心脏体积增大,双侧中量胸腔积液,考虑左心室功能不全伴轻度肺淤血,心包积液,中量腹腔积液,复查LVEF为0.48,N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)2 997 pg/ml。

入院体格检查:体温36.6℃,脉搏108次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压115/80 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),体质量67.5 kg。神志清,精神可,发育正常,体型中等,自主体位,颈静脉怒张,左肺呼吸音低,双肺底未闻及明显干、湿性啰音,心率108次/分,心律规整,可闻及奔马律,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音。腹软,无压痛、反跳痛,肝肋下2 cm、剑下8 cm,脾未触及,移动性浊音(+),墨菲征(-),肝区叩痛,肾区无叩痛,肠鸣音正常,右上肢及双下肢重度凹陷性水肿,无杵壮指。

二. 实验室及辅助检查

入院后行心电图示窦性心动过速 ,心率116次/分,V1-V4导联R波细小。肌红蛋白13.70 ng/ml、CK-MB为2.50 ng/ml、 心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ为0.37 ng/ml, B型利钠肽(BNP):310 pg/ml,行床旁心脏彩色多普勒超声(彩超)示LVEF为0.34,左心室47 mm,心肌受累疾患,二尖瓣反流(中度),三尖瓣反流(中-重度),肺动脉高压 (轻度) ,左心室收缩功能减低,局限性心包积液 (少量) ,左侧胸腔积液。

三. 治疗及转归

入院后给予去乙酰毛花苷、呋塞米、托拉塞米、左西孟旦、磷酸肌酸等药物,入院第4日腹胀及水肿症状明显缓解,心率降至85次/分左右,入院第7日BNP降至250 pg/ml,入院第13日复查心脏彩超示LVEF为0.29,心肌受累疾患,二尖瓣反流(轻度),三尖瓣反流(重度),左、右室收缩功能减低(图 1AB)。复查BNP为384 pg/ml,遂再次给予左西孟旦泵入。入院第20日患者再次复查心脏彩超示LVEF为0.32,二尖瓣反流(轻-中度),三尖瓣反流(重度),左、右室收缩功能减低(图 1CD)。BNP为389 pg/ml,患者无不适,予以带药出院,医嘱停用曲妥珠单抗,21 d后于心内科门诊复诊,复查心脏彩超示LVEF为0.52。

图 1 一例曲妥珠单抗单药治疗乳腺癌致左心室功能不全患者心脏彩超图
讨论

曲妥珠单抗可引起左心室功能不全、心律失常、高血压、症状性心力衰竭、心肌病、和心源性死亡,也可引起症状性LVEF降低[7]。与未接受曲妥珠单抗的患者相比,接受曲妥珠单抗单药或联合用药的患者的症状性心功能不全发生率要高出4~6倍。曲妥珠单抗与蒽环类抗生素联用时症状性心功能不全绝对发生率最高。LVEF相对治疗前绝对降低≥16%或者LVEF低于当地医疗机构的该参数正常值范围,且相对治疗前绝对降低≥10%时,应停止曲妥珠单抗治疗。

该患者单独应用曲妥珠单抗1个月余即出现左心室功能不全,停药给予抗心衰治疗后症状明显缓解,左心室功能逐渐好转,此患者出院时左心室功能虽有所改善,但仍处于偏低水平,考虑可能与曲妥珠单抗药物代谢周期相关[8]

美国心脏评估委员会有关曲妥珠单抗心脏毒性的诊断标准为:①以LVEF降低为特征的心肌病变;②症状性,充血性心力衰竭(CHF);③出现CHF的相关体征:S3奔马律和(或)心动过速;④LVEF至少下降5%并低于55%,同时伴有CHF的症状和体征;或LVEF至少下降10%并低于55%,不伴有症状和体征[9-11]。以上4项中,有1项符合即诊断为心脏毒性。

尽管曲妥珠单抗致左心室功能不全的发生率达4%,但无剂量累积效应,而且其心肌损伤可逆转,并可通过治疗前和治疗中的心脏功能严密评估和监测有效预防,即使发生左心室功能不全,也有近80%的患者经治疗后好转[12-13]。本例患者前期在应用表柔比星时并未出现明显心脏毒性症状,因此考虑出现LVEF下降与曲妥珠单抗的心脏毒性相关。曲妥珠单抗致左心室功能不全效应一般出现在应用曲妥珠单抗4~5个月后,LVEF一般下降至0.40左右。本例患者应用曲妥珠单抗1个月左右即出现LVEF明显下降,因而未来的临床研究更应注重曲妥珠单抗所致左心室功能不全的亚临床诊断以及开发更多可预测心脏事件的标记物,以进一步保障患者用药安全。

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