Abstract: Female reproductive system-related diseases, such as intrauterine adhesions, thin endometrium, and premature ovarian insufficiency, have emerged as major clinical problems affecting women’s reproductive health. However, conventional treatments are limited by suboptimal efficacy and pronounced adverse effects. Advances in regenerative medicine have introduced novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous biological agent, has demonstrated promising prospects in the treatment of reproductive disorders due to its favorable tissue-repair potential and bio-safety. Recent studies indicate that exosomes are key active components mediating the biological effects of PRP, and they have attracted increasing attention because of their high stability, strong targeting capacity, and low immunogenicity. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of PRP and platelet-derived exosomes, as well as their clinical applications in female reproductive system disorders, with the aim of providing a reference for both clinical practice and scientific research.