儿童并殖吸虫病影像学表现研究进展

Research advances on imaging features of paragonimiasis in children

  • 摘要: 并殖吸虫病(PG)是一种因误食感染性囊蚴引起的自然疫源性人兽共患疾病,儿童和青少年占病例的88%,流行于四川、云南、重庆等地区,随着饮食习惯改变,城市发病率逐渐升高。PG根据虫体定植部位分为胸肺型、腹型、皮下结节型和脑脊髓型,确诊依赖病原学证据,但检出率低,影像学检查成为早期识别、定位异位感染和评估并发症的关键手段。本文综述儿童PG的影像学表现,旨在提高医务人员诊断效率,减少误诊。主要内容包括胸肺型PG以肺部“隧道征”为特征性CT表现,伴胸腔积液或纵隔受累;腹型PG在肝脏呈现“隧道征”或“蕈伞征”;皮下结节型PG表现为软组织肿块;脑脊髓型PG可出现脑实质内“隧道征”或出血。CT、MRI和超声等影像技术能有效评估病变范围,其中“隧道征”是PG的典型征象,结合流行病学史和外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数,可显著提升诊断准确性。总之,影像学在儿童PG的全程管理中扮演核心角色。

     

    Abstract: Paragonimiasis (PG) is a natural focal zoonotic disease caused by the ingestion of metacercariae. Children and adolescents account for 88% of cases. It is endemic in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, and other regions. With changes in dietary habits, the occurrence rate in urban areas has gradually increased. PG is classified into pleuropulmonary, abdominal, subcutaneous nodular, and cerebrospinal types based on the site of parasite localization. Definitive diagnosis relies on parasitological evidence, but the detection rate is low. Consequently, imaging examinations have become crucial for early identification, localization of ectopic infections, and assessment of complications. This review summarizes the imaging manifestations of PG in children, aiming to improve diagnostic efficiency and reduce misdiagnosis among healthcare professionals. Key findings include the following: thoracic/pulmonary PG is characterized by the “tunnel sign” on CT scans, accompanied by pleural effusion or mediastinal involvement; abdominal PG presents with the “tunnel sign” or “mushroom sign” in the liver; subcutaneous nodular PG manifests as soft tissue masses; and central nervous system PG may present with the “tunnel sign” within the brain parenchyma or hemorrhage. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound can effectively assess the extent of lesions, with the “tunnel sign” being a typical feature of PG. When combined with epidemiological history and peripheral blood eosinophil counts, these findings can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. Imaging plays a central role in the comprehensive management of PG in children.

     

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