Advances in research on prenatal tobacco exposure and allergic diseases in children

Allergic diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders triggered by the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, significantly impacting child health. In recent years, with growing recognition of chronic diseases in children, the influence of prenatal environmental factors on the development of childhood allergic diseases has gained increasing attention. Evidence indicates that prenatal tobacco exposure not only increases the risks of preterm birth and low birth weight but may also contribute to the development of allergic diseases in children. Both direct and indirect exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy adversely affect fetal development. This article reviews studies on the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and allergic diseases in children, aiming to provide clinicians with a deeper understanding of this relationship, explore potential future research directions, and offer a theoretical basis for clinical intervention.